Update on INOCYBE SPECIES in the Pacific
Northwest
Prepared for the Pacific Northwest Key Council
By Ian Gibson,
South Vancouver Island Mycological Society
Copyright ă 2019 Pacific
Northwest Key Council
The Pacific
Northwest Key Council keys for selected Inocybe
species were written by Daniel Stuntz in 1978 by P. Brandon Matheny in 2002
with a revision in 2008). Some species descriptions and a list of references were
added to the first key by Ian Gibson in 2004. The two keys were both attempts by
experienced observers to make the best use of macromorphology in identification
of Inocybe collections. Such
identification remains a daunting task, and even experts like to check the
microscopic features before making a decision. The less experienced observer is
wise to use the microscope or choose another genus.
The purpose of the
update is to discuss some new research since 2008 and to provide some additional
references. (For convenience the earlier references are included).
Inocybe praecox and Inocybe
monticola
Kropp et al. (2010)
described two new spring-fruiting species in the Pacific Northwest. They are
not easy to identify.
A key was provided
for non-reddening North American species of Inocybe
with smooth spores and a stem that has metuloid caulocystidia that extend down beyond
the mid-point of the stem. If the caulocystidia are visible to the naked eye or
with the help of a hand lens, the stem would appear pruinose. Among the species
in the key with some evidence of occurrence in the Pacific Northwest are the Inocybe catalaunica group, Inocybe
vaccina, Inocybe sindonia, Inocybe kauffmanii, Inocybe laetior, and the two new species
mentioned above.
Inocybe chondroderma (the PDAB Inocybe)
Matheny &
Griffith (2013) described the common Inocybe
chondroderma with the distinctive and useful character that PDAB (p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde) causes a
blue-green reaction with fresh tissue, a reaction otherwise unknown in Inocybe. The species has a cap with a
fulvous disk and ochraceous to chamois margin, a cortina, a densely mycelioid
stem base, and fall season fruiting, but has been identified as several other
species in the past.
Inocybe breviterincarnata, Inocybe
occidentalis Inocybe niveivelata
Kropp et al.(2013)
described five new species from Utah, including these three. The first two
occur also in Washington and the third in montane environments of Washington,
Oregon, and Idaho. The first is distinctive and easily recognized in the field
because of its pink gills when young. The third has a white silky cap due to
abundant veil material and a white stem. The most notable characters are
suggested by the names of these two.
Inocybe pallidicremea in the Inocybe
lilacina complex
Matheny et
al.(2018) found 29 phylogenetic species within the Inocybe geophylla complex. Of these, one monophyletic clade
contained Inocybe lilacina and as
many as four other species. Inocybe pallidicremea
is known to occur in British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon, but none of the
others was documented from that area. Inocybe
ionocephala occurs as close as the redwood zone of Northern California and Inocybe sublilacina occurs as close as the
Colorado Rockies. Inocybe lilacina itself
is known from the eastern United States.
Not all lilac
species fell within the I. lilacina clade
however, and it is not clear which of those might deceive the observer.)
Inocybe ceskae and
Inocybe occulta in the Inocybe
mixtilis complex
F. Esterve-Raventós
et al.(2018) investigated the Inocybe
mixtilis complex. Inocybe mixtilis was
not found in North America but two of the six species they recognized in the complex
were documented from North America. These were Inocybe ceskae and Inocybe
occulta, and both were found in the Pacific Northwest. The first is named
after Oluna Ceska, a P.N.W. Key Council member who takes a special interest in
the genus and contributes numerous collections to the University of British
Columbia. The distinction between the two species in their key is that I. ceskae has a cap that is “pale
straw-coloured, yellowish beige, pale ochre, slightly sticky in wet conditions”
and cystidia <= 50 um, “fusiform, with attenuate but not pedicellate base”,
whereas I. occulta has a cap that is “darker
, buff yellow, golden-yellow, orange-yellow or light brown, often with a
subhygrophanous appearance” and cystidia “often with a sublageniform shape,
often extending into a distinct neck, though sometimes variable”, often > 50
um long. They make the general comment about morphological characterization of
the species in the complex that characters overlap and it is not always
possible to determine the species without studying the DNA.
SELECTED
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